Types of Conditional statements

Python supports basically TWO types of conditional statements to control the flow of a program based on whether a condition is true or false.

No 1 : IF-ELSE

• if statement: This is the simplest form. A block of code is executed only if the specified condition is True.

  python

  age = 20
  if age >= 18:
      print("Eligible to vote.") # Indented block is executed

• Multiple if-- if-elif-else statement:

  known as a chained conditional or ladder, it is used for checking multiple conditions. The code block associated with the first ‘if’ or ‘elif’ condition that evaluates to True is executed.

python

score = 70
if score >= 90:
    print("Grade: A")
elif score >= 80:
    print("Grade: B")
else:
    print("Grade: C") # This block is executed

• Nested if(s) statement:

  This is done by nesting one if or if-else statement inside another. Nesting allows more complex decision logic to be used, where one condition is tested only after the other condition is satisfied.

python

age = 70
is_member = True
if age >= 60:
    if is_member:
        print("30% senior discount!") # This is executed
    else:
        print("20% senior discount.")
else:
    print("Not eligible for a senior discount.")

No 2: MATCH-CASE

The match and case statements, added to the 3.10 version of the Python interpreter, offer a powerful way of using structural pattern matching, similar to the switch-case statements of other languages but more flexible.

The basic syntax of the match statement consists of the keyword match followed by an expression, and then a series of case blocks.

python

match expression:
    case pattern1:
        # code block for pattern1
    case pattern2:
        # code block for pattern2
    # ...
    case _:
        # code block for the default case (wildcard)